What Is PTAB Discretionary Denial?
PTAB (Patent Trial and Appeal Board) discretionary denial happens when the patent office refuses to review a case. This can happen even if the unpatentability challenge is strong.
The decision depends on several discretionary factors, such as:
- Ongoing district court proceedings
- The scheduled trial date
- The age of the patent
- The strength of the unpatentability challenge
These are part of the discretionary denial framework used by the United States patent system.
Why Is the PTAB Denial Rate So High?
The rising PTAB denial rate is linked to changes in how the trademark office manages cases.
Key reasons include:
- Increased PTAB workload management
- Focus on the appropriate use of office resources
- Avoiding overlap with district court cases
There are also new interim processes and a new bifurcated process that affect how AIA proceedings are handled.
Recent updates from leadership, including Acting Director Coke Morgan Stewart, have introduced a new discretionary denial framework. This framework changes how discretionary denial arguments are reviewed.
IPR vs EPR: What’s the Better Option Today?
The debate around IPR vs EPR is now more important than ever.
Inter Partes Review (IPR)
- Part of PTAB proceedings
- Can be blocked by discretionary grounds
- Affected by parallel district court litigation
- Higher costs and delays
Ex Parte Reexamination (EPR)
- Not affected by PTAB discretionary denial
- Handled directly by the patent office
- Lower cost and simpler process
- Focuses on the background knowledge of a person of ordinary skill
Because of these differences, many companies now prefer EPR as part of their patent defense strategy.
How Companies Are Changing Their Patent Defense Strategy
Companies are adjusting to the new discretionary denial process by:
- Filing EPR instead of relying only on IPR
- Avoiding delays caused by projected final written decisions
- Reducing risk from discretionary denial issues
- Managing costs more carefully
This shift helps companies protect their patent rights without wasting resources.
Key Legal Factors Affecting Decisions
Several legal elements influence outcomes in PTAB proceedings:
- Markman hearings in a district court case
- Involvement of the International Trade Commission
- Use of expert testimony
- Consideration of related patents
In some cases, exceptional circumstances like national security or public health concerns may also play a role.
The Role of Policy Changes and Leadership
Recent significant changes in policy have reshaped the system.
Leaders like Director Coke Morgan Stewart have influenced:
- The new discretionary denial framework
- Updated discretionary denial considerations
- A shift toward a more structured new regime
These updates aim to balance fairness, efficiency, and the appropriate use of office resources.
Why This Matters for Patent Owners
For every patent owner, this shift is important.
High denial rates mean:
- More risk when filing IPR
- Less certainty in AIA proceedings
- Greater need for smart planning
Using EPR can help reduce risk, especially when dealing with parallel district court litigation.
Are There New Rules for PTAB Discretionary Denial in 2026?
Yes. As of 2026, there are clearer and more structured guidelines for PTAB discretionary denial. These updates aim to make decisions more consistent and easier to understand. The patent office has refined how cases are reviewed, especially those involving parallel litigation and IPR petitions.
1. More Consistent Decision-Making
The PTAB now follows a more defined process when applying discretionary considerations.
This helps companies better predict whether their case will be accepted or denied.
2. Strong Focus on Parallel Litigation
Cases with parallel litigation are still a major reason for denial.
However, in 2026:
- The PTAB looks more closely at the trial date
- It checks how far the court case has progressed
- It avoids duplicating work already happening in court
This means timing is now very important when filing IPR petitions.
3. Better Use of PTAB Resources
The PTAB continues to improve workload management.
To do this, it:
- Filters out weaker cases earlier
- Focuses on challenges with strong prior art
- Avoids cases that may not reach a final decision
This helps reduce delays and improve efficiency.
4. Stronger Role of Evidence and Prior Art
In 2026, strong prior art is even more important.
Cases with clear and solid evidence are more likely to move forward.
Weak or unclear arguments are more likely to face PTAB discretionary denial.
5. Ongoing Policy Refinements
The system is still evolving. Recent updates and recent decisions show that the PTAB is trying to:
- Balance fairness between court and board cases
- Protect the rights of both the patent owner and the challenger
- Improve the overall patent review process
What This Means for You
In 2026, companies must be more strategic than ever.
To reduce risk:
- File strong cases backed by prior art
- Consider timing if patent litigation is already ongoing
- Rethink your patent defense strategy before filing
Understanding these updates can help you avoid denial and choose the best path—especially when deciding between IPR vs EPR.
Final Thoughts: A Smarter Approach to Patent Defense
The rise of PTAB discretionary denial is changing the rules.
With the PTAB denial rate at 72%, companies must rethink their approach. The shift from IPR to EPR is not just a trend—it is a smarter patent defense strategy.
Understanding IPR vs EPR helps businesses:
- Save money
- Avoid delays
- Protect their intellectual property rights
In today’s legal environment, success depends on choosing the right path early.
Get Your Company in Front of Georgia’s Tech Ecosystem
As PTAB discretionary denial rates reshape how companies approach patent challenges, the need for visibility, credibility, and strategic positioning has never been greater.
Peach State Tech helps founders, startups, and innovators share their stories—so the right investors, partners, and industry leaders are paying attention when it matters most.
If your company is navigating patent litigation, refining its patent defense strategy, or making key decisions like IPR vs EPR, your story deserves to be seen.
Get featured and connect with Georgia’s growing tech community.